These Photos Show The US Has A Long History Of Racism Toward Asian Americans
Photographer Tōyō Miyatake, who was forced into a camp himself, documented the experiences of Japanese Americans during their World War II incarceration by the US government.
Tom Kobayashi at the Manzanar Relocation Center internment camp in California.
At a time when the Asian American community is facing an increase in hate crimes, it’s crucial to confront the long legacy of racism within the United States. One of the most glaring examples is the incarceration of Japanese Americans by the federal government, which began after the Pearl Harbor attack and continued throughout World War II.
Tōyō Miyatake was a photographer who was incarcerated at the Manzanar War Relocation Center in California in 1942, one of 10 detention camps. He had purchased his own photography studio in 1923 in the Little Tokyo section of Los Angeles. Back then, still life art photography was his first love, according to his grandson Alan Miyatake, who maintains his grandfather’s photography studio today.
At the time of the incarceration, Tōyō Miyatake decided that as a photographer, it was his duty to document what was happening to his community. He smuggled a lens and a film holder into the camp, and he built a camera himself. “At some point in that first year, he showed his son Archie (my dad) the camera and told his son that it was his duty to document this in the hopes that it will never happen again,” Alan said.
“In the family’s early days at the camp, he was photographing scenes around the camp only at sunset and sunrise, so he wouldn’t be seen,” Alan said. Other photographers working for the US government and the Works Progress Administration came to the camp as well — most notably the photographers Ansel Adams and Dorothea Lange. Both photographed Manzanar as a part of their work documenting America for the WPA. Miyatake and Adams had been friends in the photography world before Miyatake was incarcerated. According to Alan, the men who ran the detention camp were big fans of Adams’ work for the Sierra Club, and through Miyatake’s connection with Adams, he was eventually appointed the official photographer at Manzanar.
We’ve collected a series of images below that chart the experience of Japanese Americans during that period. For more photography stories like this, and a full interview with Alan Miyatake about his grandfather’s life and legacy at Manzanar, sign up for our newsletter below.
A large sign reading “I am an American” in the window of a store in Oakland, California, on Dec. 8, 1942, the day after Pearl Harbor. The store was closed following orders for people of Japanese descent to evacuate from certain West Coast areas. The owner, a University of California graduate, was to be incarcerated with hundreds of people in centers for the duration of the war.
In front of the local paper of San Francisco’s Chinatown, people read news of the surrender of Canton to the Japanese in 1938. Most of San Francisco’s Chinese population were Cantonese.
Newspapers in Oakland, 1942.
Residents of Japanese ancestry appearing at the civil control station in San Francisco in 1942 for registration in response to the Army’s exclusion order No. 20.
Civilian exclusion order #5, posted at First and Front streets, directing removal by April 7 of persons of Japanese ancestry, from the first San Francisco section to be affected by evacuation.
A shop just before Japanese Americans were evacuated from Little Tokyo in Los Angeles in 1942. The shop window of Asahi Dye Works bears a sign reading, “Closing, we won’t take it to Owens Valley for U.”
Residents of Japanese ancestry awaiting the bus at the Wartime Civil Control station in San Francisco, April 1942.
Baggage belonging to evacuees of Japanese ancestry at an assembly center in Salinas, California, prior to moving to an incarceration center.
A Japanese American boy, part of the first contingent of 664 residents of Japanese ancestry to be removed from San Francisco.
Tōyō Miyatake, a photographer interned at the Manzanar Camp, smuggled a lens and a film holder into Manzanar with him and built a camera while he was there.
A family of Japanese descent arriving at an assembly center prior to their transfer to an incarceration center for the duration of the war in Salinas, 1942.
Warehouse managers at the Manzanar incarceration camp.
Incarcerated farm workers harvesting crops in a field with mountains in the background at the Manzanar camp, 1943.
Tōyō Miyatake and his wife, seated in their living room looking at their daughter seated between them, with three boys seated on couch, at the Manzanar camp.
A young woman in Manzanar.
Akio Matsumoto, commercial artist, painting a sign at the Manzanar camp.
Ester Naite, an office worker from Los Angeles, operates an electric iron in her quarters at Manzanar.
A group of girls stands in line formation, each one reaching both of her arms straight out to the side doing calisthenics, at the Manzanar camp.
An autographed photograph, religious card, stamped envelopes, ornamental squash, and a potted plant on a doily on a table at the Yonemitsu home in Manzanar.
